Population-Representative Analysis in High School & Beyond

Michael J. Culbertson

Working Paper no. 2025-01

Abstract

National surveys are designed to yield population estimates, but obtaining valid estimates requires respecting complex survey design. Inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation are both approaches to handle differences between analytic samples and the populations they are intended to represent. This guide describes the application of these techniques to the analysis of data from the High School & Beyond study of 1980.